Three original Russian-language ministerial orders reproduced from the official legal information portal, and the annexed list of literary works included in the federal programmes of primary, basic and secondary general education. Order No. 769 approved the federal list of textbooks admitted for use in schools; Order No. 258 amended annexes 1 and 2 of that list; Order No. 495 re-approved the whole list in June 2025 and is the version in force. The literature list (8 pages, 219 authors) accompanies the federal educational programmes.
The federal textbook list determines what may be taught in any Russian school, including those in the occupied territories, because only textbooks on the list may be used. The list under Order No. 495, like its predecessors, carries native-language and native-literature textbooks for Bashkir, Tatar, Adyghe, Chechen and other languages of the Russian Federation, but no title in or on the Ukrainian language. The literature list for the federal programmes likewise contains no Ukrainian-language work. Russian law formally allows parents to request instruction in a native language "within the possibilities of the education system", but with no admitted textbook, no teacher-training track and no examination, the route is unusable for Ukrainian. The three orders are therefore evidence that the exclusion of Ukrainian from occupation schools requires no prohibition: the menu of admitted materials simply omits it. They are cited in TOT Insights research on education under occupation and on de-Ukrainianisation as institutional substitution.
If the document does not display in your browser, click here to open the PDF directly.
Order No. 769 of 5 November 2024
Approves the federal list of textbooks admitted for use in the delivery of state-accredited programmes of primary, basic and secondary general education (annex 1) and the list of textbooks for the languages and literatures of the peoples of Russia (annex 2). Establishes the period for which earlier textbooks may continue in use.
Order No. 258 of 1 April 2025
Amends annexes 1 and 2 of Order No. 769: adds and removes titles, updates publishers and editions. It did not approve a new list.
Order No. 495 of 26 June 2025
Re-approves the full federal list of textbooks (331 pages) and repeals Order No. 769 as amended. Annex 1 lists textbooks by subject and grade; the native-language section includes titles for Bashkir, Tatar, Adyghe, Chechen, Yakut and other languages of the Russian Federation. No entry is in or about the Ukrainian language.
Federal literature list
The annexed list of literary works included in the federal programmes runs to 219 numbered authors, from Abramov to Yakovlev, with the works set for study. It contains Russian, Soviet and world literature in Russian translation; no work is in Ukrainian.
Analytical note
Under Russian law a school may use only admitted textbooks. In the occupied territories the list is therefore not a recommendation but the boundary of the possible: a school need ban nothing to teach nothing Ukrainian.