Geneva Convention IV (1949) — Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War
The primary IHL instrument governing the obligations of occupying powers toward civilian populations.
Access →Additional Protocol I (1977)
Additional rules for the protection of victims of international armed conflicts, supplementing the 1949 Conventions.
Access →Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (1998)
Foundational treaty establishing the ICC and defining war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.
Access →ICRC Customary IHL Database — Rules relevant to occupied territory
Comprehensive database of customary international humanitarian law rules applicable to occupation.
Access →ICRC Commentary on Geneva Convention IV
Article-by-article authoritative commentary on the Fourth Geneva Convention.
Access →UN General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1 (2 March 2022) — Aggression against Ukraine
UNGA emergency special session resolution demanding Russia cease military operations and withdraw forces.
Access →Advisory Opinion: Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall (ICJ 2004)
Key ICJ advisory opinion establishing principles of occupation law with direct application to prolonged territorial occupation.
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